As described in how does solar energy work, solar cells are the building block of solar energy systems. Each cell converts up to 20% of the sunlight's energy into usable DC energy.
A solar power module, or solar panel, is a combination of individual solar cells. Each module typically produces 50-220 watts of energy (depending on model). These modules are wired serially and in parallel to produce a solar array. This solar array is what is wired into the inverter to provide electricity to the building.
All major manufacturers (Kyocera, PowerLight, Sharp, SunPower, etc.) will warranty their panels for 25-30 years. For the most part, modules from these major manufacturers provide similar efficiency ratings and offer reliable energy.
The key component in the solar energy system. Without this device, the energy produced from the solar array is unusable in a house or building. Inverters convert the DC (direct current) electricity produced by the array into AC (alternating current) electrity used by buildings.
Inverters should be purchased based on efficiency rating, capacity, and voltage rating. Typically they should be installed in dust-free, dry, and well-ventilated areas. An inefficient inverter can drastically reduce the expected output of your solar energy system.
In order to maintain correct operating efficiency, the correct wiring and construction codes should be used when wiring your solar energy system. Sometimes connections can become loose due to the heat and weather a roof top experiences. It is advised to have the appropriate back up measures if this every occurs.
Talk with your local solar energy professional to ensure you have the appropriate meter(s). This is especially critical if you plan on participating in net-metering and planning to feed the excess electricity you generate back into the grid.
Some people will opt to install a system monitor in order to ensure your system is performing at its optimal expected rate. These systems will monitor the output of your solar energy system and can alert you if the system is not generating energy at the rate it should be.
